Properties of the fossilized sea urchin

Sea urchins, also known as echinoids or echinids, are fascinating members of the class Echinoidea, evoking enigmatic creatures of the deep sea. These invertebrates with rounded silhouettes and sharp spines earn them evocative nicknames like "sea hedgehogs" or "sea chestnuts."
Indeed, the term "Echinoidea" originates from the Greek "Eckinos," literally meaning "hedgehog," highlighting the striking similarity between these marine animals and their charming terrestrial counterparts.

The first sea urchins appeared at the end of the Ordovician period, approximately 450 million years ago, evolving since then to form astonishing diversity. Today, our planet is home to nearly 1000 documented species of sea urchins, grouped into over 70 distinct families, a testament to their long history of adaptation and survival.
These marine creatures are characterized by their mineral shell, often forming spherical structures, although their appearance can vary significantly from one species to another. This shell, known as a test, is what fossilizes over time, sometimes retaining a star-shaped pattern, or evoking a delicate flower. This visual uniqueness has captured the imagination throughout the ages, placing the fossilized sea urchin at the heart of many legends and tales worldwide, where it often embodies a symbol of fleeting beauty and maritime mystery.

In our collection, the majority of fossilized sea urchins belong to the Micraster genus, an emblematic species that thrived approximately 145 million years ago during the Cretaceous period, only to become extinct around 55 million years ago during the Paleocene era. Recognizable by its distinctive ovoid body, Micraster exhibits a cut that evokes the delicate shape of a heart, adding a touch of poetry to its fossil heritage.

History, beliefs and legends about the sea urchin

Since the earliest days of human history, the allure of fossilized sea urchins has been undeniable. Their presence in funerary offerings dates back to the Paleolithic era, persisting at least until the 12th century AD.
The most famous example remains that of Dunstable Downs in England, where a Bronze Age tomb was unearthed, containing the remains of two women alongside over 200 fossilized sea urchins. This discovery underscores the significance attached to these specimens, highlighting their rarity and value, considering the challenge of gathering such a multitude of fossils.

In Judea, the remarkable fossilized spine needles of certain sea urchins, such as Balanocidaris, bear a resemblance to golf clubs, evoking the shape of a bladder. These fossilized needles, known as "lapis judaicus" or "Jewish stone," were used as a remedy for urinary conditions, including kidney stones. It is widely accepted that during the Crusades, these needles and their medicinal properties were brought to Europe, thus contributing to their dissemination and renown.

It is in Greece that the legacy of fascination with sea urchins finds one of its oldest roots. Aristotle, in his timeless work "The History of Animals," written around -343, provides a valuable description of the anatomy of these fascinating marine creatures.

In the intricate tapestry of Celtic beliefs, fossilized sea urchins were perceived as serpent eggs, a precious essence coveted to the extent that it rivaled the legendary quest for the Philosopher’s Stone or the Holy Grail. According to their cosmology, these eggs were born from the convergence of energies woven by the summer embrace of serpents, whose intertwining formed knots reminiscent of Celtic symbols. Propelled into the air by the hissing force of the reptiles, these eggs had to be captured before touching the ground, wrapped in a protective cloak. According to Druidic tradition, acquiring these precious artifacts required a swift escape to evade the wrath of the serpents, crossing a river to break their pursuit.
In Celtic tales, the legendary serpent eggs were sometimes observed floating upstream on the waters, delicately bound with shimmering threads of gold. The magic imbued within them was reputed to fluctuate with the lunar phases, fully revealing their powers only at precisely chosen moments. Thus, their collection, meticulously orchestrated to coincide with these phases, was deemed essential to preserve their mystical potency and their connection to the primordial forces of the universe.
The possessor of the egg was reputedly invulnerable to poisons, toxic vapors, and even defeat in battle, enjoying divine favor that facilitated disputes and quarrels with kings. It was said that these eggs contained the treasures and wisdom of the world.
This Celtic fervor for "serpent eggs" is captured by Pliny the Elder, although he also reports their inefficacy, illustrated by the tragic fate of a Roman who, despite his supposed protection, was executed by the emperor. For Pliny, these objects symbolized the origin of the caduceus surrounded by serpents, an emblem of peace.
The serpent egg occupies a central place among Druidic artifacts, being considered a sacred manifestation of the sea serpent, a creature associated with the vital element of water, the primordial source of all existence. According to Celtic mythology, this egg would be born from the belly of the female serpent, symbolizing the matrix of creation, before being fertilized by the male, an incarnation of the vital force that begets life. This complex image of the serpent holds deep symbolism, representing fertility through its phallic shape and its emergence from the earth, a powerful metaphor for regeneration and the eternal cycle of life.
Thus, many Celtic mounds, such as those at Saint-Amand-sur-Sèvre and Barjon, reveal the significant presence of fossilized sea urchins, silent witnesses to this ancient wisdom.

In the rich folklore of Suffolk County, England, fossilized sea urchins, particularly the species Micraster and Echinocorys, were renowned under the enchanting name of "fairy loaves." Carefully placed in bread ovens, they were believed to ensure perfect baking, thus ensuring an abundance of bread on the tables of lucky households that possessed one.
In Sussex County, these precious fossil treasures were also revered, bearing evocative names such as "sugar loaves," "fairy loaves," "shepherd's crowns," and "elf helmets." Placed on window sills, they were believed to deflect lightning and even predict rain. This latter belief, though tinged with magic, could have some basis in reality, as the fossil, absorbing moisture from the air, could indeed cause condensation on its surface, a harbinger of impending precipitation.
In southern England, fossilized sea urchins were considered talismans against milk spoilage, a precious protection for farmers and housewives keen to preserve their dairy provisions.

In Malta, these fossils were perceived as turtle eggs, sometimes nicknamed "Paul's Breasts" due to their suggestive shape and the fact that they were occasionally found in pairs. This appellation attests to the richness and diversity of the popular beliefs associated with these fascinating remnants of natural history.

In Denmark, fossilized sea urchins were regarded as thunderstones, believed to fall from the sky during storms. Placed near dwellings, they were revered for their protective power against witchcraft and devastating lightning strikes. These mysterious stones were even considered gifts from the mighty god Thor, enhancing their status as divine talismans. Furthermore, they were used to predict storms through their ability to "sweat," a natural phenomenon that would warn inhabitants of imminent dangers.

In Provence, France, placing a fossilized sea urchin on the roof of a farmhouse was considered an act of good luck, guaranteeing protection and prosperity for the household.
A persistent legend recounts the story of Balthazar, the wise king who followed the Star of Bethlehem. He was enchanted by the charm of a young maiden, forgetting his sacred mission. To remind him of his duties, God miraculously imprinted the star motif on all the surrounding stones and rocks (creating sea urchin fossils). This divine intervention brought Balthazar back to the path of his destiny, allowing him to pursue his quest with determination.

Around the town of Bagh in India, fossils are revered as the "stone of five," also known as Khada de Punchu, due to the distinctive five-pointed star motif they bear. These fossils hold deep symbolic significance, often associated with spirituality and protection, offering inhabitants a spiritual connection with the cosmos and the stars.

In Jamaica, the sea urchin species Eurhodia is revered under the evocative nickname "Lucky Stone." Regarded as a harbinger of good fortune and prosperity, this precious stone is sought after for its magical virtues and protective properties. The locals attach great importance to this lucky stone, considering it a symbol of luck and success in their daily lives.

On the Swedish island of Öland, Cystoid sea urchins captivate with their almost spherical shape and modest thickness. What truly sets them apart is their transformation during the fossilization process, where they have metamorphosed into true crystalline wonders. Filled with diagenetic calcite crystals, these precious fossils sparkle like jewels of nature, evoking the purity and beauty of crystal apples. This poetic appellation underscores their natural magnificence and rarity, making them coveted treasures by collectors and mineral enthusiasts worldwide.

Healing properties and benefits of the fossil sea urchin

The virtues of fossilized sea urchins extend far beyond their mere appearance. Renowned for their healing and protective properties, these natural treasures have long been regarded as valuable allies for health and well-being:

• In cases of poisoning or venom exposure, fossilized sea urchins have traditionally been used to neutralize toxins and alleviate symptoms.
• Their beneficial energy also focuses on the chest, strengthening its internal structures and supporting the vital functions within, thereby providing natural protection and increased vitality.
• For the digestive system and liver, the soothing properties of fossilized sea urchins are well-known, promoting optimal balance and relieving gastrointestinal disorders.
• Those suffering from arthritis, muscle, or joint pain will find relief through the anti-inflammatory properties of fossilized sea urchins, which alleviate discomfort and promote mobility.
• In cases of headaches, dizziness, or spasms, fossilized sea urchins are renowned for their ability to calm and soothe, offering welcome relief from unpleasant symptoms.
• Auditory issues and calcium deficiencies can also benefit from the virtues of fossilized sea urchins, which, according to popular beliefs, can promote better hearing and strengthen bones due to their mineral-rich composition.
• Finally, these natural wonders facilitate the absorption of vitamins A and D, promoting optimal overall health and renewed vitality.

Fossil urchin jewelry samples